Tugas kelompok bahasa inggris 2

BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2
SOFTSKILL

Agustinus Tri Hartono                                      10212411
Dwi Lillah Dhamayanti                                     12212290
Eggy Febrian                                                      12212382
Rachmat Sunarya                                              15212835
Siti Hindun                                                         17212056
Sandy Dwi Putra                                                1A213715
Haris Andrianto                                                 13212320
Bambang Sudoro                                                 11212363
Andry Sugianto                                                    10212854




Universitas Gunadarma
Fakultas Ekonomi
Jurusan S1 Manajemen

PART I
PRELIMINARY

1.1 Background

Industrial development in producing slippers sandals and slippers imitation leather at the present time is quite fast, because people in the world need slippers. Be it to protect themselves from dust, dirt as well as personal prestige. This will lead to competition among companies sandals. This is evidenced by the increasing number of departments strore in Jakarta and other areas in Indonesia. And they both want to give the best. And each has advantages in its products.

With the state of the market increasingly overrun by an assortment of products, it can cause the effect to consumers, especially in carrying out the purchase. That is their tendency to be more careful in choosing a product. The foregoing will encourage employers to be able to further improve the quality of its products.

In reality that is so, it can be said that the company can survive is a company that managed to find a buyer. And to get the buyer, it is necessary for the company in a very effective marketing strategy. So if the marketing strategy can be implemented either by the company, the addition will further accelerate the refund or the capital that has been issued by the company, and the benefits to be obtained, will give great hope also to hold the increase in efforts to promote the company, or at least can cope with competition. So it is obvious that the implementation of the marketing strategy is very important in a company’s overall marketing.

On the basis of these reasons, the authors are interested in performing scientific writing under the title “MARKETING STRATEGY PT. ARIZONA IN BUSINESS SALES INCREASE SANDALS “.

1.2 Problem Formulation

In this paper, the authors wanted to give the subject matter to be discussed is about how the implementation of marketing strategies used by PT. Arizona in an effort to increase sales of products slippers.

1.3 Limitations

In this case, the author will give a boundary problem only on the implementation of marketing strategies used by PT. Arizona in an effort to increase sales of products slippers. There is no data presented that data of turnover PT. Arizona in 1998 and 2002.

1.4 Purpose

The purpose of the writer take the title above is intended as follows:

1. To know the implementation of marketing strategies used by PT. Arizona in an effort to increase sales of products slippers.
2. To determine the level of sales achieved PT. Arizona during 1998 to 2002.

1.5 Methodology Writing

In order to formulate scientific writing, the data obtained by the authors need or methods as follows:

1. Field Studies
2. interview

Ie by holding a question and answer directly to some employees and managers that have to do with oyek scientific writing.

1. Observation

Namely conducting research by direct observation of the activities of the company.

2. Study Library

Namely the collection of theories from books as literature relevant to scientific writing.

1.6 Systematics Writing

To facilitate the understanding of this writing, the authors decompose into several sections, among others:

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
In this chapter briefly describes the background of the problem, the problem formulation, problem definition, the purpose of writing, writing methodology, and systematics writing.




CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL
Theoretical explanations on matters relating to the discussion that contains the terms of marketing, understanding the marketing mix, marketing strategy definition, implementation of marketing strategies and understanding of SWOT analysis.

CHAPTER III: COMPANY OVERVIEW
In this chapter the author describes the general description of the company which will include a brief history of the company, the company’s organizational structure and description as well as the production process and production.

CHAPTER IV: DISCUSSION
This chapter is a discussion section that contains the implementation of marketing strategies, sales growth rate from 1998 to 2002 and a SWOT analysis.

CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION
The author tries to draw conclusions briefly and try to give advice that is expected to provide benefits for PT. Arizona.



CHAPTER II
THEORETICAL BASIS

2.1 Definition of Marketing

In the modern world economy, particularly companies that produce goods and services and trading company, the main problem frequently encountered is the attempt to distribute or market their goods and services traded or produced it to a third-party purchaser or consumer need. To be successful distribution or marketing of goods and services required a science or the best way and that’s what we call marketing or marketing.

But the marketing term that comes from the market (market), not simple understanding. Marketing not only covers the world market alone but more than that. Marketing discuss any matter that lives within the corporate community. For most marketing covering the market organization in the broadest sense is not only about products goods but also services regarding services products.

Here the author provides a definition put forward by marketing experts, meaning that can be given a clear understanding of the meaning of marketing it.

Drs. Private Basu D. H. MBA (1992: 72) simply provides the following definition: “Marketing is an activity that drives the flow of goods and services from the producer to the consumer or end-user.

“According to William J. Stanton (1994: 34),” Marketing is a whole system of business activities aimed at planning, pricing, promoting and distributing goods and services that satisfy the needs of both the buyers existing and to potential buyers. ”

According to Philip Kotler (1996: 98), “Marketing is the analysis, planning, implementation and monitoring of programs intended to hold these exchanges with target markets with a view to achieve organizational goals.”

From this definition it can be concluded that Marketing is the attainment of organizational goals and objectives as well as activities related to the process of delivering goods and services from production to the end users (consumers).

Thus marketing activities it is produced goods or services that can be distributed to the parties so that the buyer will not happen buildup which means futility of these efforts.

The concept in the future, based on the philosophy as follows:

1. Marketing must become a strategic business concept that can provide continuing satisfaction not only on immediate gratification. For that three parties are mutually interested in the company are customers, employees and business owners.
2. Marketing to be a “soul”, not just one member of the body of the company.
3. There are three main values, namely:

– The most important brands of the products are brand because essentially the buyers (consumers) to buy a brand is not a product.
– Owner of the company must be involved in the process of satisfying the customer.
– The relationship between the owner of the company, employees and customers is a chain that can not be severed and there should be reciprocal.
With keutungan enough, should the leadership of the company, at least not give bonuses or incentives to employees to enforce it humanely.


2.2 Definition of Marketing Mix

Or Marketing Mix marketing mix variables are controlled can be used by companies to reach consumers who are the target market.

Drs. Private Basu D. H. MBA (1986: 17) in his book Modern Marketing Management states that “The marketing mix is a combination of four variables or activities that constitute the core of the company’s marketing system, namely: product, price structure, promotional activities and distribution systems.

Marketing mix is what is at the core of marketing strategy consists of four main components:

1. Product (Product)
2. Price (Price)
3. Place Place)
4. Promotion (Promotion)

Fourth aforementioned components can be combined in finding the best formulas to be applied in the company’s marketing strategy.

1. Product (Product)

Product is everything that is offered to the market to get attention, purchase or consumption are consumers, which includes physical objects, services, places, people and organizations.
The most essential thing in marketing is how to meet the needs and desires of consumers to the fullest, how companies can make products with good quality, but with keeping down production costs as much as possible.
Because of these product transformation processes of customer satisfaction can always be in physical form but includes everything that is able to rate the satisfaction of the consumers in the market. But without ignoring the practical values that exist, a product called good if it can satisfy the needs and desires to the fullest.

2. Price (Price)

Drs. Private Basu D. H MBA (1986: 147) argues that “price is the amount of money (plus a few items that may be) required to obtain a number of combinations of items and their ministry.”
Interest pricing strategies are:

1. Obtain maximum profit

The price is determined by the seller and the buyer. The greater the purchasing power of consumers, the greater the possibility for the seller to set a higher price level. Thus sellers have hope for maximum benefit to existing conditions.

1. To obtain a certain market share

Interest gain market share to achieve the increase in the rate of profit in the future, and if the market will atercapai sensitive (sensitive) to the prices, so lower prices may encourage the rapid growth of the market. This is because the low price will attract buyers.

1. Flushed Market (Market Skimming)

Mangambil companies benefit from the availability of buyers pay higher prices from other buyers, because the price offered gives a higher value for them.

3. Place (Place)

The so-called distribution channels are institutions that have a distributor or dealer activities of distributing goods or services from producers to consumers. There are several factors to consider in the choice of distribution channels, namely:

1. The type and nature of the product
2. The nature of potential consumers
3. the nature of competition
4. Channel itself

All these factors need to be considered in the success of marketing activities, especially in the distribution of products from producers to consumers hand effectively, timely and needed by consumers with good quality. With such a strategy can be expected that the level of sales will increase.

4. Promotion (Promotion)

The core of the marketing mix is promotion, because with this promotion will take place communication between producers and consumers in making a purchase.
According to Philip Kotler (1991: 89), “Promotion is an activity undertaken to provide and attract the attention of potential consumers to the product produced by the company, giving rise to the interest to buy. ‘
Promotion is one of the variables of the marketing mix is crucial held companies in marketing their products. A product is very useful but if not known by consumers that will not be known benefits and may be purchased by consumers.

2.3 Definition of Marketing Strategy

Success or failure of a company is determined by a grand strategy or core strategy. If this core strategy has been wrong or ineffective, then the technical implementation of the most baikpun become useless, said by Alex D. Tryana MBA (1986: 17).

Furthermore, it also said, basically a marketing strategy included the strategy of product and market strategies, all of which is an attempt by the company to familiarize themselves regularly and choose what products and their markets will be marketed, based on the consideration of the situation of the environment.

Then formulated also about marketing tactics in relation to the marketing strategy in an attempt to market the product. Where mentioned is a business marketing tactics that lead to action and decision-making stages and secluded almost done every day in every part.

Drs. Private Basu DH. MBA (1986: 287) argues that the marketing strategy is an important activity in marketing activities that include:

1. Research and Market Analysis.

Namely activities to obtain information about the state of the market, both the present situation and the possibilities that will happen in time to come.

2. Product Development

Namely activities to develop products to satisfy the customers as well as the possibility of the company to use the capacity of the product completely.

3. Determination of Price

Namely the activities set product prices based on costs and market factors such as distribution channels, given the price cuts, price level requested by a competitor, the ability or willingness of customers to pay and so on.

4. Promotion

Namely activities to introduce the goods produced and efforts to influence consumers through promotional mix.

5. Distribution in Distribution

Ie activities related to the business of delivering goods from producers to consumers. The goal is to keep the goods always be easily purchased by consumers who want to buy them wherever they are.

Thus it is clear that marketing is important for the company. For the survival of the company depends on the marketing. However, any activity in marketing can not simply be separated from other activities within the company.

Regarding its own marketing strategy, Philip Kotler (1985: 301) says as follows:
“The marketing strategy is a basic approach that will be used by the business unit in achieving the goals that have been set in advance, in it contained basic decisions about the target market, product positioning in the market, marketing mix and marketing costs required level”.

In a market that has a level siatuasi keen competition, the implementation of effective marketing strategy is needed. Because in this situation, in fact only those companies that have a marketing strategy that is more than any other company in exploiting market opportunities, which will gain market share is greater than the existing market.

2.4 Application of Marketing Strategy

Application of marketing strategy should be oriented on three main points, namely:

1. Choose your target consumers.
2. Identifying their wishes.
3. Determine the marketing mix.

Implementation of this strategy is the company’s long-term plan that is used as a guide for marketing.

1. Choose your target consumers.

The initial step of a company in running its marketing program is to establish the target consumers. Companies should clearly define who the consumers. Target consumers are individuals who must satisfy their needs.
To set the target consumer will be able to use three different kinds of alternative strategies that can be the company are:

1. Undifferentiated Marketing is a company attempting to review the overall market, satisfying the similarities in consumer demand, which is based on the strategy of austerity and appointment aimed at the largest segment in the market.
2. Differentiated Marketing is the company trying to identify groups of certain buyers to divide the market into two or more groups, but the shortcomings of this strategy is the costs include research and development costs to modify the product consists of the production costs, storage costs and promotion costs.
3. Concentrated Marketing is the only company to focus its marketing efforts on one or a few groups only.

From the foregoing, it is generally the company would prefer to enter some segments of the market to avoid the risks that they face.

2. Identifying Consumer Interest

Activity identify consumer needs requires the right advice, convening a market research. The activities of this market research to determine consumer after dividing it in certain segments, it takes a special knowledge of the cost is not small. So that later will know the tastes of consumers in determining the type of products they need, shape, price and others.

3. Determine the Marketing Mix

Marketing mix or marketing mix is a combination of important elements in marketing that can be used to develop a marketing strategy as effectively as possible.
According to Drs. Private Basu marketing mix is a combination of four variables or activities that constitute the core of the company’s marketing system, namely product, price structure, promotional activities and distribution systems.

1. Product

Description of the product include physical forms of marketing, product branding, packaging, warranty and servicing, as well as sales. To be able to distinguish the sense of these items, it will be the authors describe below.
Consumer goods were divided into three groups:

1. Consumer goods are goods purchased for consumption with the purchase based on consumer buying habits and the consumer is the final consumer.
2. Confinience goods (goods that is easy to use, can be changed anywhere). Example: soap and others.
3. Shopping goods (goods that must be sought first if you want to buy it). Example: textiles, furniture and others.
4. Special items (items that have certain characteristics). Example; antiques, luxury vehicles.

2. Industrial goods are goods purchased for reprocessing or in other words are used in industrial activity.

Industrial goods are divided into five categories:

1. Raw materials (a staple to make other goods). Example: cotton, iron.
2. Components of intermediate goods (the goods have entered the production process). Example: yarn to clothe.
3. Item operation equipment (used to help smooth the process of production). Example: wrench tools to form a product.
4. Agencies (main production tool to produce a production). Example: the weaving machine.
5. extra equipment (equipment used to aid agencies). Example: tip goods.

1. Price

After the determination of the type of product, the next step is pricing. For more consumer goods demand-oriented, with the assumption that if the price is raised, the demand will be reduced and if the price is lowered, it will increase demand. However, challenges, situations and conditions that affect consumers.

1. promotion

Promotion is the flow of information or persuasion in one direction in marketing activities aimed at implementing the consumer. In essence, this activity is divided in the form or variables:

1. Advertising; the form of percentages and non personal promotion of ideas, goods and services are paid for by a particular sponsor.
2. Personal selling; the percentage of the scope in the mail conversation with a prospective buyer who intended to create sales.
3. Publicity; driving demand for non personal goals for a product or service or an idea by using a conventional news in mass media.
4. Promotion of sales; marketing activities other than personal selling, advertising and publicity-publicity drive purchases by consumers and retailers effectiveness.

1. Distribution

Distribution channel is something that is traversed by the flow of goods from manufacturer to middleman and finally to the user.
The use of this distribution channel can not be separated from consideration of the type of transport that is effective, also considering the need of insurance risks and the costs required.

2.5 Definition of a SWOT Analysis

Analysis of the situation is beginning the process of strategy formulation. SWOT is a strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the organization, all of which are strategic factors. So says J. David Hunger and Thomas L. Wheelen (193: 1996).

So SWOT analysis should define the competence of the rare companies that is a certain expertise and resources that are owned by a company with a superior way they use. Competence rare sometimes considered a set of core capabilities that strategically capacity to create a company to be different.




CHAPTER III
A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPANY

3. 1 A Brief History of the Company

1. Arizona is a company engaged in the sandal industry, by producing sandals kind of imitation leather sandals and slippers. The company is up and running in 1972 and based in Jalan Muara Lebak No. 19-20, Pasar Jaya, Bogor Barat.

For over 30 years, this company has experienced ups and downs in their business development in line with the development of the business world in Indonesia. In sales, the company made progress in the period of 1979-1987.

In 1991, the company had received orders coming from abroad, namely Abudhabi. The slippers can be abroad for an Indonesian citizen wear at once spread the news about the sandals that besides comfortable to wear, sandals are also very simple. But sales to Abudhabi did not last long, because the sandal company produced less favored by some local residents.

For the period 1988-1996 the business is in a stable condition means that profits are not too big nor too big. But in 1997 the company suffered losses, due to the monetary crisis hit Indonesia.

At first PT. Arizona only produce local specialty course with the marketing area only about the area of Bogor and Jakarta, Pasar Baru, Bukit Duri, Klender and the City. But along with the times and the number of consumer demand, then around 2000 PT. Arizona expanding its market by accepting orders for Pasuruan, Semarang and Ternate. This year, PT. Arizona also develops its products by producing leather slippers, but in accordance with customer orders.

3.2 Organizational Structure

The organizational structure of the company carried out to determine the duties and functions of each of the workers clearly. And aligned to the business activities of making these slippers can run well and smoothly.

In structural, organizational structure PT. Arizona is as follows:

1. Director

The duties and authority of the Director are:

1. Is solely responsible for all operational activities of the company.
2. Provide duty and authority to all parts of the duties and responsibilities that must be executed.

2. Parts Production

Duties and authority that must run production parts, namely:

1. Fully responsible for the production activities in order to avoid discontinue production.
2. Giving duties and obligations on production employees on activities to be carried out.
3. Report all activities of production processes that run to the Director.

3. Section Marketing

Things that the duty and authority by marketing departments include:

1. Fully responsible for the marketing activities.
2. Provides reports on marketing activities that run to the Director.

4. Financial Section

This section has a duty and a responsibility that should be run, such as:

1. Fully responsible for all activities related to finance and administration.
2. Reports on the financial and administrative employee to Director.

5. Employees

Employees have a duty and responsibility as follows:

1. Duties and authority defined by the management company

Figure 3.1
Organizational structure of the company

1. Arizona

	Production Departement		Marketing Departement				Finance Departement

Source: PT. Arizona














3.3 Production Process and Production

Production Process slippers PT. Arizona consists of several stages:

1. Section Marketing

This section is in charge of receiving orders orders. After oeder order to obtain, directly submitted to the Design and Cutting.

2. Section Design and Cutting

This section is in charge of drafting (pattern) sandals in accordance with the existing pattern or in accordance with the order and the time required. Then the material is cut according to the pattern for the next submitted to the Sol Making Up.

3. Making the Sol Top

With materials that have been cut, this section makes slippers are sol sol top and sandals found on the surface, to be completed parts Manufacture Sol Down.

4. Making the Sol Down

This section tasked with completing sandal paste on the bottom slippers insoles and soles at the top of the sandal.

5. Section Packing

This section is in charge of preparing the goods or completed orders produced in places that have been provided.






While products produced by PT. Arizona namely sandals and slippers imitation leather with Arizona brand, described as follows:

1. Imitation Sandal

This sandal is a type of sandal that was first produced by PT. Arizona for the women. But for men, the slippers can be obtained by ordering. For reservations, slippers sizes can be ordered with one of size or glow with different prices. Model and color can be ordered according to the wishes of consumers.

2. Leather Sandal

This sandal type is a new sandal company produced in 2000. These sandals are manufactured for men and women, but these slippers only in accordance with the order. For the size, model, and color of slippers as well as sandals imitation



CHAPTER 4
DISCUSSION

4.1. Application of Marketing Strategy

1. Arizona is a company producing slippers, especially sandals and slippers imitation leather. To be able to run the implementation of marketing strategies, planning is necessary to be done by the company prior to market products slippers, which must first be carried out surveys or market research by the company. Surveys or market research conducted by PT. Arizona is intended to determine how much interest consumers against product imitation slippers and sandals, especially leather sandals that will be marketed by the company. In addition to knowing the interest of consumers to the product to be marketed, market surveys or market research also serves to determine how much force the competitors to be faced by the company.

After conducting market surveys or market research to conduct marketing activities, further PT. Arizona implement these plans by using the following marketing strategies:

1. Product strategy

The state of competition between companies with each other forcing every entrepreneur to establish a better product strategy, it means producing goods that truly meet consumer tastes good quantity, quality and price in the market for PT. Arizona.
In producing the goods, PT. Arizona always pay attention to the tastes of consumers because consumer tastes in the purchase will affect the company. Before producing company PT. Arizona has always conducted research, was addressed to it – as follows:
– The amount of material produced
– Quality of materials
– Model slippers
– Introducing the purchasing power and consumer tastes
In producing sandals and slippers imitation leather PT. Arizona always makes planning with the intention that the goods produced sold. Requests to determine the quantity of goods produced by PT. Arizona has always pay attention to the circumstances:
– The development of models available in the market
– The condition of the economy, in general, including the purchasing power of consumers
– Channels of distribution, how to distribute the goods on time
– Hold a meeting with associates
So the resulting product is determined by the tastes of the market or a market mechanism, which is more emphasis on market orientation so that the goods are produced in accordance with the will of consumers.

1. Pricing Strategy

In the implementation of marketing, every company implementing marketing strategies appropriate selling prices, intended to benefit the most good for the company.
Success or failure of business activities is highly dependent on the appropriateness of setting the selling price. Setting the selling price by PT. Arizona that takes into account factors – factors of production costs, which the company if you want to sell production must calculate how much it cost incurred by the company.
Having regard to the cost – the cost of production then in this case the company PT. Arizona uses cost plus pricing method (Cost Plus Pricing Method), where the selling price is determined by the number of production costs incurred by the company plus the income earned from the company
Selling price determination requires PT. Arizona not to raise prices, with the aim to dominate the market in a rival. Therefore, PT. Arizona make savings on production costs incurred and do efficiency in the company in order to be competitive prices so by the pricing policy is expected the company will be able to increase sales volume from year to year.
Thus the PT. Arizona will be able to calculate how much profit the company achieved a cost incurred by the company is not too big, so that consumers can buy relatively cheap.
In addition to setting the selling price using the cost plus pricing method, PT. Arizona also perform pricing such as:
– Rebates or discounts, namely the policy of price cuts made by PT. Arizona to provide discounts to employees by 25%, and regular customers up to 30%, while the new subscriptions only given the 20% discount for large purchases.

1. Distribution channel

As a company engaged in the sandal industry that is growing, PT. Arizona aware of the position of marketing is very important to improve the quality of service to consumers by providing services and good quality guaranteed.
Distribution system of goods made by PT. Arizona is conducting the direct distribution of goods to the buyer, which is illustrated in the chart below:




Figure 4.1
Direct Distribution Channels

In this direct distribution, consumers can directly buy into PT. Arizona, usually buy direct are wholesalers, which purchase directly goods or products in large quantities. In addition, consumers or customers can also order directly to the manufacturer via fax, mail or telephone long distance, as is usually the buyer who first contacted PT. Arizona.
But PT. Arizona also apply to the distribution channel through an intermediary, illustrated by the scheme below:






Figure 4.2
Indirect Distribution Channel

To deliver the goods from the factory to the consumer through the agency distributors, namely retailers, the company has set procedures for the sale of goods is through the dealer, where the dealer must make arrangements in sale and purchase transactions to the producers, in addition, if the goods are unsold goods can be returned to the manufacturer with a note that they are not damaged.
While the delivery of goods made by PT. Arizona to areas outside of Java such as Pasuruan, Semarang and Ternate is by transporting land transport and sea transport. In addition to the transport outside the island of Java, the delivery of goods within the city transportation company uses its own by using the truck for delivery of goods in the city, but for the shipment of goods outside the island more use courier or cargo.

1. Promotion strategies

Promotion is an activity that is run producers in order to introduce products and increase the volume of sales, in addition to facing competition.
To create an increase in sales volume, the promotional activities carried out by PT. Arizona is the sales promotion of them by holding a discount or special discounts for employees of PT. Arizona as well as consumers or customers remained PT. Arizona and customers or new customers when melakukakan purchase products in bulk.



4.2 Trend of Sales of the Year 1998-2002

In increasing sales, PT. Arizona implement a marketing strategy, which the marketing strategy used is the product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution channels, and promotional strategies. In implementing the marketing strategy, PT. Arizona market production of goods is always a plan, so that goods produced sold.

The data of the sales achieved by PT. Arizona over the past five years between the period of 1998 to 2002 period are as follows:
table 4.1
Trend of Sales PT. Arizona
1998 – Year 2002

Years	Sales (in millions)	Increase / decrease %
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002	2.957,73 3.076,04 3.414,40 4.063,14 5.200,82	4% 11% 19% 28%

Source : PT. Arizona


From Table 4.1 shows that the level of sales in 1998 of slippers products PT. Arizona reached Rp. 2.95773 billion. While in 1999 the number of the sales of these products increased, reaching sales revenue of 3.07604 billion, more tingggi Rp. 118 310 000 or 4%. This is because in 1998 there has been a prolonged economic crisis in Indonesia and it is very influential on the level of product sales slippers PT. Arizona.

The company tried to re-apply the right marketing strategy and continue to conduct business relationships with regular customers and for own nascent self-confidence of consumers and customers to keep using the product sandals PT. Arizona, the company can survive in the midst of economic crisis that is happening in Indonesia at that time.

In 2000 PT. Arizona implement marketing strategies more aggressively again. The company expand its market by opening its market network in marketing their products kesejumlah areas such as Pasuruan, Semarang and Ternate. This makes the results of the company’s sales increased by Rp. 338 360 000 or 11% of the sales of Rp. 3.4144 billion.

In 2001 PT. Arizona continue to reform and efficiency of the company’s performance in all areas, the sales of the company also continues to increase is the result of sales of Rp. 4.06314 billion, up 19%, an increase of Rp. 648 740 000.


And until in 2002, PT. Arizona continued to gain increased sales revenue of 28% or higher by Rp. 1.13768 billion with sales revenue of Rp. 5.20082 billion.

The increase in sales from 1999 to 2002 partly due to the implementation of proper marketing strategy by PT. Arizona. Besides, the company expanded its market by opening its market network to various regions namely Pasuruan, Semarang and Ternate.

4.2 SWOT Analysis

SWOT Analysis is an analysis that is used by companies to find alternatives and strategies that will be used by the company in achieving its goals. The factors SWOT analysis of PT. Arizona namely:

1. Strengths (Strength)

Factors internal power PT. Arizona is:
– Products that changing times and in accordance with consumer tastes.
– Product price is slightly cheaper than competitors
– Products can be purchased easily by consumers
– Management of a company that is well organized

2. Weaknesses (Weakness)

Factors of weakness PT. Arizona, among others:
– Less vigorous campaign carried out in order to influence consumer purchase of the product sandals
– At least invertor which invest in companies
– Some workers are less skilled in designing products

3. Opportunities (Opportunity)

Which belong to the external opportunities owned by PT. Arizona in marketing products slippers include:
– Products manufactured have a good quality at an affordable price
– Location of the strategic location of the company
– Start Events improving economy in Indonesia lately
– Companies can create jobs

4. Treaths (Threats)

Things that belong to the threats that will be experienced PT. Arizona namely:
– More and more are induustri-sandal industry in Indonesia
– The unstable political situation in Indonesia today
– The market situation is still sluggish and the exchange rate is not stable
– The incessant promotion by competitors

Based on the factors mentioned above, it can be the analysis that in implementing its marketing strategy, PT. Arizona wearing powers held by the company and try to develop the opportunities he had. Meanwhile, in anticipation of the munngkin failure experienced by the company, the company tried to improve the weaknesses that are owned by the company and anticipate the threats it will face.
From the SWOT factors in PT. Arizona above, it can be made a SWOT matrix PT. Arizona, which is illustrated by the table below:

Table 4.3.1
SWOT matrix PT. Arizona

Key Factor	Strong (S) ·   Production according to consumer tastes • The price of the product a little cheaper • Products can be purchased with ease • Management well-organized	Weakness • Less vigorous promotion • At least investors who invest • Some workers are less skilled designing products
Oppurtunity (O) · Products of good quality and reasonably priced • The layout of strategic locations • Economic conditions improved in Inodonesia • Can create jobs	SO strategy • Maintaining product quality • Maintain product prices remain cheaper • Opening a branch in a strategic location	WO strategy • Promoting a more vigorous • Increase knowledge or training less skilled workers
Threats (T) • Industry-similar industries more • The political situation in Indonesia is not yet stable • The rupiah exchange rate is not stable • Promotion of competitors intensified	ST strategy • Improving the quality of products according to consumer tastes • Maintain product prices remain cheaper ·        • Increase the promotion of better quality	WT strategy • Optimize the performance of employees • Determine the target consumers for the lower middle class

CHAPTER V
CONCLUSION

5.1 Conclusion

Based on the description that has the writer explained in advance, the authors try to draw the following conclusion:

1. PT. Arizona implementing several marketing strategies namely product strategy, pricing strategy, distribution channel strategy, and promotional strategies. The marketing strategies used it is quite appropriate, because it can be seen that the sales of products slippers PT. Arizona increased from 1999 to 2002.

2. In mid-1999 to 2002 the level of product sales slippers PT. Arizona has increased. This happens because the company implemented a marketing strategy that is quite right. The company also opened its market opportunities by marketing products slippers to Pasuruan, Semarang and Ternate.

3. In implementing its marketing strategy, PT. Arizona wearing strengths of the company and try to develop the opportunities he had. Meanwhile, in anticipation of a possible failure experienced by the company, the company tried to improve the weaknesses that are owned and anticipate threats to be faced.

5.2 Suggestions

At the end of this scientific writing, the writer wanted to try to convey some suggestions that might be useful for PT. Arizona, among others:

1. In the face of competition, the company should have to put more emphasis on the implementation of marketing strategies used to further increase sales of its products. This can be done by promoting the advantages of the new products that will be marketed by using promotional tools to more.

2. For the foreseeable future, PT. Arizona is expected to maintain a good image, and always strive to produce new products in accordance with the changing times or according to prevailing fashion trends.

3. In terms of the distribution, the company should be able to do it better, so that customers can purchase products slippers PT. Arizona easily. So in addition to the distribution went smoothly also support the company’s goals in an effort to increase sales.

4. Should PT. Arizona still create positive image of the product sandal by increasing the quality and set a lower price than competitors. So that customers or consumers remain loyal to the company.

TUGAS SOFTSKILL - BHS INGGRIS 2

Bahan - Bahan (Material)

Material adalah sebuah bahan yang membuat suatu benda. Terdapat 5 bahan dasar. Kebanyakan benda terbuat dari bahan – bahan ini. Beberapa benda terbuat dari logam. Beberapa benda terbuat dari kaca. Beberapa benda terbuat dari kayu. Beberapa benda terbuat dari kain. Dan beberapa benda terbuat dari plastik. Ada beberapa macam bahan lain. Tetapi mereka tidak digunakan sebanyak 5 bahan ini.

Mari bicara tentang logam terlebih dahulu. Logam sangat berat. Dan logam sangat keras dan kuat. Logam biasanya terasa dingin jika Anda menyentuhnya. Kita menggunakan logam untuk membuat banyak macam benda. Kita menggunakannya untuk membuat garpu dan pisau. Kita menggunakannya untuk membuat kunci. Kita menggunakannya untuk membuat mobil. Kita menggunakan logam untuk membuat benda – benda ini karena sangat kuat.
Selanjutnya, mari bicara tentang kaca. Kaca sangat halus. Kaca rasanya dingin jika disentuh. Kaca tidak seberat logam. Kaca itu keras. Tetapi tidak kuat. Kaca sangat mudah pecah! Lalu, kenapa kita menggunakan kaca? Kita menggunakannya karena kaca itu tembus pandang! Anda dapat melihat melalui kaca! Itulah mengapa kita menggunakannya untuk jendela. Itu juga mengapa kita menggunakannya untuk kacamata.
Sekarang, mari bicara tentang kayu. Kayu lebih ringan dari logam dan kaca. Kayu tidak sekuat logam. Namun lebih kuat daripada kaca. Kita menggunakan kayu untuk membuat banyak macam benda. Benda – benda yang terbuat dari kayu biasanya ringan, keras, dan kuat. Kursi dan meja terbuat dari kayu. Pensil juga terbuat dari kayu.
Sekarang, mari bicara tentang kain. Kain sangat ringan. Kain lebih ringan daripada kayu. Dan kain sangat lembut. Kita menggunakan kain untuk membuat banyak macam benda. Contohnya, kain digunakan untuk membuat pakaian. Kain juga digunakan untuk membuat selimut.

Terakhir, mari bicara tentang plastik. Plastik juga sangat ringan. Tetapi, plastik berbeda dengan kain. Terkadang plastik itu lembut. Dan terkadang plastik juga keras. Plastik dapat digunakan untuk membuat kantong plastik yang tipis. Plastik yang digunakan ringan, lembut dan kuat. Tetapi plastik juga dapat digunakan untuk membuat helm sepeda. Plastik yang digunakan ringan, keras, dan juga kuat. Sebuah helm dan sebuah kantong plastik terlihat berbeda. Tetapi keduanya sama – sama terbuat dari plastik.
 
QUESTIONS

1. In this passage, we learn about a 5 different materials. Which of these materials do you think is best? Why?
Answer : I think, metal is the best material. It is because metal are very hard and strong. And metal is not break easily. So we can make a thing that hard and strong using metal without worry about breaks easily. Although it will feel heavy.

2. In this passage, we learn about a 5 different materials. Which of these materials do you think is worst? Why?
Answer : I think, glass is the worst material. It is because glass breaks very easily. Glass is hard, but it is not strong. We can use glass for making several things only. If glass breaks, it will be very dangerous because it will hurt.

PI B.INGGRIS

PREDICTION MOTORCYCLE SALES BEAT CW PGM IN. PACIFIC MOTOR IV CIKARANG

SCIENTIFIC WRITING SEMINAR

Asked To Completing Terms To Achieve
Equivalent Bachelor Degree Programs Study Management Strata One
Faculty of Economics, University Gunadarma

Name: Andry Sugianto
NPM: 10212854
Management major
Supervisor: Irfan Ardiansyah, SE, MM

FACULTY OF ECONOMICS

UNIVERSITY GUNADARMA

JAKARTA

2015

TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
SHEET STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ii
ENDORSEMENT SHEET iii
ABSTRACT iv
INTRODUCTION v
Vi TABLE OF CONTENTS
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF FIGURES x
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background 1
1.2 Formulation Problems and Limitations 2
1.2.1 Formulation malasah 2
1.2.2 Limitations 2
1.3 Objective 2
1.4 Benefits of Research 2
1.4.1 Academic Benefits 2
1.4.2 Practical Benefits 2
1.5 Research Methods 3
1.5.1 Research Object 3
1.5.2 Data / Variable 3
1.5.3 Data Collection Methods 3
1.5.4 Analysis tool used 3
CHAPTER II LITERATURE
2.1 Framework Theory 5
Definition 2.1.1 Forecasting 5
2.1.2 Forecasting Objectives 6
Sales Forecasting 2.1.3 Uses 7
Method 2.1.4 - Forecasting methods 7
2.1.5 Type - the type of Forecasting 7
2.1.6 Forecasting Process 9
2.1.7 Stage - step Forecasting 10
2.1.8 Characteristics of a Good Forecasting 12
2.1.9 Techniques To Make Sales Forecast 13
2.1.10 Forecasting Techniques 13
2.2 Assessment Research Similar 15
2.3 Analysis Tool 17
2.3.1 Method MA (Moving Average) 17
2.3.2 Weight Moving Average (An average moving
weighted) 18
2.3.3 Exponential Smoothing (ES) 19
2.3.4 Mean Absolute Devisiasion (MAD) 19
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS
3.1 Research Object 21
3.1.1 A Brief History of the Company 21
3.1.2 Company Organizational Structure and Function 22
3.2 Data / Variables Used 24
3.3 Data Collection Methods 24
3.4 Hypotheses 24
3.5 Analysis Tools Used 24
3.5.1 Method MA (Moving Average) 24
3.5.2 Weight Moving Average (An average moving
weighted) 25
3.5.3 Exponential Smoothing (ES) 26
3.5.4 Mean Absolute Devisiasion (MAD) 26
CHAPTER IV DISCUSSION
4.1 Results and Discussion Analysis 27
4.1.1 Sales Forecasting Method Using
Moving Average Period By Wearing 5 27
Sales Forecasting 4.1.2 by using Method
Weight Moving Average Period 3, where W1 = 0.2,
W2 and W3 = 0.3 = 0.5 30
4.1.3 Sales forecasting by using Method
Exponential Smoothing (ES) = 0.5 32
4.2 Summary of Results 35
CHAPTER V CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1 Conclusion 37
5.2 Suggestions 38
REFERENCES 39
ATTACHMENT

BIBLIOGRAPHY


ABSTRACTION


Andry Sugianto, 10212854
PREDICTION MOTORCYCLE SALES BEAT CW PGM IN. PACIFIC MOTOR IV CIKARANG
PI. Department of Management, Faculty of Economics, University Gunadarma, 2015
Keywords: Forecasting Sales

(X + 39 + Appendix)

In this paper the authors used three methods of sales forecasting, namely moving average (MA) 5 period, Weight Moving Average (WMA) 3 periods and Exponential Smoothing (ES) to determine the PGM Beat motorcycle sales in March 2015 and April 2015. Of the three count the method is known that most good sales forecasts for the months of March 2015 and April 2015 with a method which menghasilakn Weight Moving average forecasting sales in March 2015 as many as 221.4 units Motor Beat, with an error rate of the average - average (MAD) of 25.41 units Motor Beat, so PT.Pacific Motor IV Cikarang predicts sales in March 2015 as much as 195.99 up to 246.81 units Motor Beat. Then in April 2015 amounted to 237.48 units generate penjuaan Motor Beat, with an error rate of the average - average (MAD) of 22.24 units. so PT.Pacific Motor IV Cikarang predicts sales in April 2015 as much as 215.24 up to 259.72 units Motor Beat. So Weight Moving Average method is better than the method used Moving Average (MA) and ExponentialSmoothing (ES)







Bibliography (2002-2013)

Bisnis Ikan Arwana

Peluang Bisnis Ikan Arwana

Peluang Bisnis Ikan Arwana – Diantara ikan hias air tawar, ada salah satu jenis ikan hias air tawar asli Indonesia yang banyak diminati masyarakat lokal dan luar negeri, yaitu Ikan Arwana Super Red dan Ikan Arwana Golden Red. Dengan harganya yang lebih stabil disbanding ikan hias lain, membuat peluang bisnis ikan ini sangat menjanjikan. Seperti apa prospek bisnis ikan sisik merah menyala ini ? Bisnis ikan arwana hasil penangkaran menjanjikan keuntungan cukup besar dan tidak pernah kekurangan pesanan. Apalagi para penggemar ikan hias di seluruh dunia mengakui kualitas arwana Indonesia sebagai yang paling bagus.

Kondisi ini membuat arwana merupakan ikan hias kebanggaan Indonesia, sehingga tidak mengherankan jika banyak penggemar ikan hias dari mancanegara yang berusaha mendapatkannya langsung dari Indonesia. Namun sayangnya tidak banyak pengusaha Indonesia yang menekuni bisnis ini, sehingga justru negara lain yang mempopulerkan ikan yang diyakini sebagian orang sebagai pembawa keberuntungan.

TIPS MERAWAT DAN BUDIDAYA IKAN ARWANA

Parameter air
1. pH air sebaiknya netral (6-7)
2. Kesadahan sebaiknya pad GH 8 derajat.
3. Temperatur yang baik adalah 26-30 C. Hindari perubahan suhu mendadak yang dapat membuat shock ikan.
Penggantian Air
Kotoran ikan arwana cukup banyak dengan unsur nitrogen yang cukup tinggi. Penggantian air yang rutin adalah wajib yaitu 25-30% setiap minggunya.
Pakan
Pemberian pakan Untuk ikan diatas 35 cmbisa diberi makan sehari atau dua kali sehari. Sedang ukuran 15-35 cm bisa diberi makan dua kali sehari, dibawah 15 cm dianjurkan membeli makan 3xsehari.
Jenis pakan
Jenis pakan yang bisa diberikan untuk ikan ini adalah ikan kecil, udang, serangga, cacing, ulat, kodok kecil, kadal kecil, dan pelet.

 

Peluang Bisnis Ikan Arwana

Peluang Bisnis Ikan Arwana, ini sangat prospek di Indonesia mengingat pecinta ikan hias semakin hari semakin ramai peminatnya. Arwana bukan ikan musiman layaknya ikan louhan yang sempat booming beberpa saat saja lalu hilang. Harga arwana bervariasi tergantung jenis dan ukuran tubuh arwana itu sendiri. Sebagai contoh jenis Arwana Super Red dengan ukuran antara 17 – 20 cm harga jualnya bisa tembus Rp. 4.750.000. Untuk bibit Arwana Super Red anakan ukuran 8 – 10 cm harganya hanya Rp. 1.000.000 saja.

Bisnis kerajinan Tangan

Peluang Usaha Kerajinan Tangan dan Cara Membuatnya

 

Untuk membuka usaha kerajinan tangan tentu Anda harus bisa cara membuatnya. Tapi bila Anda memiliki keahlian membuat kerajinan tangan dari berbagai bahan tertentu kenapa tidak mencoba untuk membuka usaha secara mandiri. Dengan keahlian yang telah Anda kuasai, Anda bisa membuat kerajinan tangan yang unik dan memiliki nilai guna. Pada zaman modern seperti saat ini banyak cara yang bisa dilakukan untuk menjadikan hasil karya Anda menjadi sebuah bisnis yang bisa dikelola secara mandiri dari rumah. Peluang usaha kerajinan tangan tidaklah membutuhkan modal yang besar dan bisnis ini bisa dijalankan dari rumah. Dengan memanfaatkan barang-barang bekas Anda bisa membuat berbagai kerajinan tangan yang memiliki nilai jual. Untuk memasarkan produk yang telah dibuat Anda bisa memanfaatkan media sosial sebagai media untuk mengenalkan berbagai produk yang Anda miliki. Selain memasarkannya secara online, Anda juga bisa masuk ke komunitas-komunitas tertentu yang memiliki minat terhadap produk Anda.

Peluang Usaha Kerajinan Tangan dengan Modal Kecil

Kerajinan tangan yang dihasilkan dari tangan-tangan orang kreatif biasanya memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi. Selain produk yang diproduksi terbatas memang tidak banyak orang yang bisa membuat sebuah kerajinan tangan yang memiliki nilai jual. Berikut ini adalah beberapa contoh kerajinan tangan yang memiliki nilai jual dan cara membuat kerajinan tersebut.
Artikel Terkait : Kerajinan Tangan dari Barang Bekas yang Mudah Dibuat

Membuat Kerajinan Tangan Lampion Hias

Kerajinan tangan yang satu ini mudah untuk dibuat dan bahan yang diperlukan sangat mudah dicari dan harganya juga murah. Lampu tidur hias atau bisa juga disebut dengan lampion hias dengan berbagai bentuk karakter kartun yang lucu dan gemesin. Kerajinan tangan yang satu ini memiliki nilai jual serta bisa menjadi salah satu usaha yang menguntungkan dengan modal kecil. Hanya modal sekitar Rp35.000 untuk setiap pembuatan lampion Anda dapat menjualnya kembali dengan harga Rp50.000 sampai Rp120.000 Untuk membuat kerajinan tangan unik dan lucu ini kamu memerlukan beberapa bahan dan alat.
Alat dan Bahan

1. Kuas
2. Benang jahit
3. Balon
4. Lem Kayu
5. Kain flanel (untuk mempercantik lampion)
6. Gelas plastik bekas
7. Gunting
8. Bohlam lampu minimal 5 watt
9. Fitting lampu lengkap dengan kabel dan colokannya

Untuk membuatnya Anda bisa melihat langkah-langkahnya pada gambar dibawah ini.

Sumber Gambar : www.infoqoo.com

Sumber Gambar : www.infoqoo.com

Sumber Gambar : http://zhahab.blogspot.com/

Kerajinan Tangan Pot Bunga dari Ban Bekas

Bas mobil yang sudah tidak terpakai ternyata bisa dimanfaatkan menjadi sebuah pot bunga yang cantik. Kerajinan dari ban bekas ini bisa membuat nyaman melihat pot bunga dengan aneka warna, tentu saja pot bunga dari ban bekas ini sangat awet dan tahan lama. Untuk cara pembuatan kerajinan tangan ini juga relatif mudah, hanya memerlukan tiga tahapan pembuatan yaitu tahap pembentukan pola, pemotongan, dan tahapan akhir pewarnaan. Untuk lebih jelas cara pembuatan kerajinan tangan ini Anda bisa melihatnya pada gambar berikut ini.

Sumber Gambar: http://zhahab.blogspot.com/

Kerajinan Tangan Vas Bunga Cantik dari Botol Bekas

Vas bunga yang cantik tidak selalu terbuat dari bahan yang mahal dan langka. Anda bisa memanfaatkan botol plastik bekas sebagai bahan untuk membuatnya. Dengan kreatifitas botol plastik bekas bisa disulap menjadi vas bunga cantik seperti dari bahan kaca. Apakah Anda tertarik untuk membuatnya? Oke berikut ini adalah tutorial cara membuat kerajinan tangan dari botol plastik bekas. Ikuti saja langkah-langkah yang ada pada gambar, kami yakin Anda pasti bisa membuatnya.

Sumber Gambar :http://zhahab.blogspot.com/

Sumber Gambar : http://zhahab.blogspot.com/

Yup itulah beberapa peluang usaha kerajinan tangan yang bisa Anda ambil. Mungkin Anda berminat dengan salah satu ide tersebut silahkan luangkan waktu untuk belajar membuat kerajinan tangan dari botol bekas yang unik dan memiliki nilai jual.

Bisnis Counter Handphone

Dalam menentukan jenis usaha dengan modal kecil namun dengan penghasilan yang stabil sudah tentu bukanlah hal yang mudah untuk segera diputuskan, karena masih harus mempertimbangkan beberapa faktor-faktor penentu yang turut mendukung kelancaran usaha tersebut, karena bila saja tidak malah akan mendatangkan kerugian.
Beberapa faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain:
– Kemauan untuk mendapatkan penghasilan.
– Konsisten dalam rangka menjalankan Usaha.
Pada akhirnya Modal yang sangat besar diperlukan adalah komitmen dan kemauan dari diri sendiri untuk mendapatkan penghasilan hanya dengan bermodal kecil.
Banyak orang berfikir bahwa untuk membuka suatu usaha, maka akan dibutuhkan modal yang sangat besar. Ini merupakan pola fikir yang sempit yang dapat menghambat suatu proses kemajuan pada diri sendiri.
Sedikit mengingatkan kembali ketika kita masih mendapatkan pendidikan disekolah atau dibangku kuliah, sering kita mendengar dan mempelajari dalam mata pelajaran atau pun mata kuliah selalu diajarkan rumus-rumus usaha. Mungkin diantara kita ada yang masih ingat dan ada yang sudah lupa.
Oke..untuk mengingatkan kembali bagi yang sudah lupa.
W= F.s
Dimana :
W = Usaha.
F = Gaya.
S = Jarak.
Mungkin ada yang bertanya : “ Apa hubungannya rumus yang diatas dengan Usaha yang akan saya jalani?”.
OK, pertanyaan yang bagus, disini saya akan coba menjelaskan hubungan antara rumus diatas dengan usaha yang akan dijalani.
F= Gaya : Hal ini dapat kita identikkan dengan seberapa besar cara kita dalam usaha.
Contoh : 1. Ingin melamar pekerjaan di kantoran, Maka harus bergaya layaknya orang kantoran. Singkatnya, kita akan berusaha untuk memiliki pakaian yang layak untuk bekerja di kantor, dan mencoba menyelesaikan pekerjaan dikantor dengan sebak-baiknya dengan kemampuan skill yang kita miliki, karena kalau tidak pastinya akan ditegur oleh atasan ataupun diberhentikan dari pekerjaan kita.
S= Jarak : Hal ini dapat kita identikkan dengan jarak kita untuk menyelesaikan pekerjaan tersebut.
Contoh : 2. Ingin membuka warung di tempat yang sepi akan sangat berbeda dengan membuka warung ditempat yang ramai. Singkatnya, Jarak akan kita perhitungkan dengan pembeli sehingga banyak orang membuka warung ditempat yang ramai, dengan perhitungan memperpendek jarak kita dalam membuka warung dengan pembeli.
Dari uraian diatas, sangat jelas sewaktu kita ingin membuka usaha, bahwa Maju mundurnya usaha tersebut adalah dari dalam diri kita sendiri.
Baiklah kembali ke judul kita.
Untuk jenis usaha yang saya maksudkan dibawah ini, ada jenis usaha yang sudah pernah saya jalani maupun jenis usaha yang dijalani oleh teman saya.
Jenis usaha yang saya maksudkan:
*Buka Counter penjualan Pulsa* (saya sebut dgn Management saling membantu)
Baiklah, mari kita coba analisa satu persatu.
1. Buka counter penjualan pulsa :
Banyak orang menghabiskan modalnya sampai puluhan juta rupiah hanya membuka satu counter pulsa. Hal ini tidak masalah bagi yang punya modal besar, namun bagi orang yang memiliki modal kecil….wah..susah bro…!!!.
Trus caranya bagaimana?:
Anda memiliki kerabat, teman & keluarga bukan?.
Kebanyakan sehari-hari selalu saja ada dari kerabat, teman & keluarga kita yang tinggal di rumahnya, entah itu istrinya, adiknya ataupun orang tuanya yang biasanya hanya mengurus pekerjaan rumah.
Nah, anda dapat membuka counter pulsa dirumahnya tersebut, Hitung2 bagi hasil dengan pemilik rumah sehingga mereka juga mendapatkan pemasukan tambahan. Jadi sekalian membuka lapangan pekerjaan juga…
Trus Modalnya Berapa? :
Pengalama saya untuk modal kecil, hanya dibutuhkan modal sbb:
1. Estalase kecil : Rp.400.000 (2mX1m)..kalau lebih kecil pasti lebih murah.
2. Handphone : Rp.250.000 (Nggak perlu biaya klo pake HP yang punya rumah)
3. Deposit pulsa : Rp.100.000 – Rp.300.000 (tergantung keinginan).
4. Kartu Perdana : Rp. 100.000 – Rp.300.000 /all operator (tergantung keinginan)
Accessories untuk Handphone dapat ditambahkan jika dibutuhkan, karena biasanya jarang ada yang beli…yaa dari pada matiin modal, yaa mending ditahan aja ga usah beli dulu.
Keuntungan dengan system seperti ini :
1. Anda tidak perlu memikirkan gaji karyawan. (soalnya bagi hasil sama tuan rumah yang sekalian jagain counter pulsanya).
2. Anda tidak perlu memikirkan biaya sewa toko.
3. Anda tidak perlu memikirkan biaya listrik & sebagainya.
4. Adanya hubungan emosional antara tuan rumah yang jagain counter dengan para tetangga ataupun kerabatnya, sehingga orang yang ingin berbelanja akan enggan pergi berbelanja ke tempat lain.
5. Lebih dipercaya cepat mendatangkan pembeli ketimbang system jual pulsa yang banyak berkembang di internet seperti sekarang ini.
6. Bagi pemodal, merupakan penghasilan tambahan bagi orang yang sudah bekerja.
7. Membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi orang lain.
Kerugian dengan system seperti ini :
1. Harus diperlukan kontrol yang ketat ( kunjungan di pagi hari dan sore hari untuk memastikan semua berjalan dengan baik).
Pembagian keuntungan perhari dapat dilakukan dengan pola : 40% : 40 % : 20%
Dengan asumsi :
– 40 % keuntungan / hari buat sang pemilik modal.
– 40 % Keuntungan / Hari buat yang jagain counter.
– 20 % Keuntungan / Hari untuk pengembangan modal.
Jadi jika kita memiliki 10 counter penjualan pulsa dengan system seperti ini, dengan asumsi kentungan perhari Rp.30.000/counter.
Maka: 40% X Rp.30.000 = Rp.12.000/ counter
Jika 10 counter = Rp.12.000 X 10 = Rp.120.000/hari.
Setiap hari dapat Rp.120.000 hanya dengan control di pagi hari dan sore hari…hmmm nice.
Dari system ini dapat di simpulkan bahwa kita sudah memenuhi rumus yang S yakni, kita memperpendek jarak kita dengan pembeli, sementara untuk rumus F dipenuhi dari kontrol kita setiap hari.
Dapat membuka Konter penjualan pulsa dengan modal lebih kecil dari Rp.1.000.000 / counter dan lebih efisien dalam usaha ketimbang membuka counter penjualan pulsa dengan modal minimal Rp.5.000.000 s/d Rp. 10.000.000./counter.
Demikianlah untuk satu jenis usaha yang hanya memerlukan modal kecil.Semoga bermamfaat.
sumber : http://ayomaju.info/kalkulasi-keuntungan-buka-usaha-konter-hp/

Proposal Bisnis

I. Latar Belakang

Dalam suatu pemasaran banyak sekali bentuk dan macam-macam aneka ragam makanan dari yang kecil hingga yang besar dan dari yang murah hingga sampai yang mahal. Untuk kebutuhan sehari-hari banyak sekali aktivitas yang dijalani oleh setiap orang. Dengan aktivitas yang semakin padat, membuat banyak orang membutuhkan asupan makanan tambahan yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan tubuh. Makanan-makanan yang tersedia dipasaran saat ini memang sudah beragam, tetapi umumnya makanan tersebut bukanlah makanan tradisonal yang khas Indonesia, serta harga yang ditawarkan juga kebanyakan terlalu mahal.

Salah satu makanan tradisional yang cukup sederhana, tetapi sangat cocok menjadi makanan konsumsi untuk malam hari, dan sekaligus merupakan makanan yang juga cukup istimewa adalah “MARTABAK MANIS”. Pembuatan makanan tradisonal yang khas berasal dari Indonesia ini dilakukan dengan cara yang sangat sederhana, tetapi lebih higienis, serta akan dijual dengan harga yang sangat terjangkau, maka tentunya hal ini akan menarik minat masyarakat untuk membelinya.

Keberadaan Martabak Manis sebagai salah satu makanan tradisonal khas Indonesia memiliki rasa yang enak, nikmat, m,engandung protein dan juga lezat memang telah dikenal dari masa kemasa, sehingga usaha ini memang layak dikembangkan menjadi salah satu usaha kuliner alternatif di Indonesia.

Dengan meihat potensi atau kelebihan seperti hal tersebut di atas, maka saya ingin membuat usaha makanan, yaitu usaha makanan “MARTABAK MANIS” untuk dikembangkan menjadi usaha besar agar masyarakat tidak akan pernah lupa dengan makanan tradisional yang khas Indonesia tersebut.

II. Visi

Menjadikan Martabak Manis sebagai makanan tradisonal khas Indonesia yang mampu menembus pasaran dunia

III. Misi

-          Membuat martabak manis yang memiliki aneka rasa

-          Memasarkan martabak manis di pasar tradisional maupun pasar modern

-          Mendirikan usaha wisata kuliner makanan khas Indonesia

IV. Analisa Peluang Usaha

Setiap kegiatan untuk memulai usaha, maka hal yang harus dilakukan terlebih dahulu adalah mengukur kemampuan terhadap lingkungan atau pesaing, yaitu melalui analisis SWOT:
1. Strenght (Kekuatan)
    Kekuatan dari produk ini adalah:
    - Menjual produk untuk semua kalangan masyarakat
   - 1 (satu) produk terdiri dari beberapa macam bentuk dan rasa
   - Bahan produk yang terjamin dan higienis

2. Weakness (Kelemahan)
    Kelemahan dari produk ini adalah:
    - Tidak tahan lama
    - Produknya mudah ditiru

3. Opportunity (Peluang)
    - Tempat Strategis
    - Fasilitas yang cukup memadai

4. Threath (Ancaman)
    - Adanya pesaing yang menjual produk dengan harga yang lebih murah

V. Marketing Mix

1.  Product (Produk)
Produk yang dijual adalah "Martabak Manis" yang merupakan makanan selingan sehari-hari

2. Price (Harga)
Harga perporsi Rp 12.000 karena harga ini sangat terjangkau dan relatif murah

3. Promotion (Promosi)
Dalam melakukan promosi produk ini dengan menyebarkan brosur kepada masyarakat dan dilakukan masa promosi pada setiap pembelian 1 paket dengan isi 5 porsi akan memberikan diskon 10% dari harga tersebut.

5. Place (Tempat)
Tempat yang dipilih yaitu di Delanggu, tepatnya di depan pasar Delanggu Klaten, karena letaknya cukup strategis dan mudah dijangkau masyarakat (konsumen)

VI. Proses Produksi

Untuk membuat martabak manis, bahan-bahan yang diperlukan dan proses produksinya seperti berikut :

Bahan:
    * 2 butir telur
    * 450 ml air
    * 350 gr tepung terigu serbaguna
    * 75 gr gula pasir
    * 25 gr susu bubuk full cream
    * 5 gr garam
    * 5 gr baking soda
    * 1 gr vanili bubuk
    * 50 ml minyak sayur
    * Filling: susu kental manis, keju, mesyes, kacang tanah, wijen *sesuai selera*
Cara membuat:
   1. Kocok lepas telur, masukkan air hingga air berbuih.
   2. Campur rata semua bahan kering, masukkan ke dalam air.

            Kocok hingga semua bahan   larut.
   3. Masukkan vanili dan minyak sayur aduk rata. Diamkan adonan selama 30 menit.
   4. Tuang ke dalam cetakan martabak manis yg sudah dipanaskan, tutup sampai

            permukaan berpori-pori.

            Tabur dengan sedikit gula pasir pada permukaan. Tutup kembali hingga matang
   5. Angkat dan oles dengan butter, tabur dengan bahan filling
   6. Lipat oles atasnya dengan butter, potong2.

VII.  Perhitungan Modal dan Harga Jual

         1. Modal :

- Bahan Baku
1. Terigu 2 kg                                    Rp  14.000
2. Telur 2 kg                                       Rp  14.000
3. Gula Pasir 1 Kg                            Rp  10.000
4. Air                                                 Rp   -
5. Garam                                            Rp   2.000
6. Soda kue                                                   Rp   3.000
7. Blue Band                                      Rp   5.000
8. Pewarna kuning                            Rp   3.000
9. Fermipan                                        Rp   3.000
                                                            ---------------
                                                            Rp.53.000
- Bahan Taburan
1. Kacang tanah 1/2 kg                       Rp   5.000
2. Meises                                             Rp   5.000
3. Keju                                               Rp  11.000
4. Susu kental MANIS                      Rp   7.000
5. Wijen                                             Rp   5.000
                                                          -----------------
                                                            Rp. 45.000

     - Bahan baku tambahan (gas)             Rp. 40.000

Bahan baku + Bahan taburan + Bahan baku tambahan =

Rp 53.000   + Rp 45.000        + Rp 40.000                    =  Rp. 138.000

2.  Harga Jual
Harga Jual:                                                                         Rp 10.000 x 40 porsi = Rp 400.000
Harga Pokok Produk per unit:
Harga beli bahan baku                                                        Rp  3.450
Harga beli bahan tambahan                                                Rp  1.000
                                                                                           -------------
                                                                                           Rp  4.450

     Jumlah Hpp:                                                                  Rp  4.450 x 40 porsi = Rp 178.000

VIII. Perhitungan Rugi Laba

Pendapatan dari penjualan                                            Rp.  400.000

Harga Pokok Penjualan                                                 Rp.  178.000

Laba Kotor                                                                    Rp.  222.000

    Biaya penjualan:

    Biaya pembuatan brosur                                                Rp   30.000
    Biaya transportasi                                                          RP   30.000
    Biaya sewa tempat                                                         Rp   25.000
    Biaya listrik dan air                                                        Rp   10.000
    Biaya komunikasi                                                           Rp   20.000
    Biaya lainnya                                                                 Rp   10.000
                                                                                           ---------------
                                                                                           Rp 125.000

    Laba bersih                                                                     Rp   97.000

    Perhitungan margin keuntungan =

    Rp   97.000
    ---------------- x 100% = 24,25%
    Rp 400.000

IX. Analisis Keuntungan :

      

       Pendapatan per bulan :
              Omzet Rp. 400.000 x 30 hari =                                Rp. 12.000.000

              Laba kotor per bulan 222.000 x 30 =                        Rp.   6.660.000

       Keuntungan bersih per bulan :
             (Rp.222.000.000 – Rp. 125.000) x 30 =                    Rp.   2.910.000

X. Kesimpulan

Kesimpulan bahwa agar produk yang kita pasarkan dapat diterima oleh semua kalangan, baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri maka kita harus :

-    Membuat produk yang bermanfaat, berkualitas dan laku dijual dengan harga bersaing;
-    Membuat desain yang baru dan harga terjangkau;
-    Membuat produk lebih cepat dan lebih murah;
-    Memilih dan menentukan wilayah pemasaran yang menguntungkan.